How to write a research problem that convinces your committee
The research problem is the heart of the thesis. Learn its four elements, common mistakes that weaken it, and a practical model for writing it.
Knowledge Center for researchers
Free practical guides on methodology, statistics, writing and the defense, written by the Otroha team to save you time.
Methodology
Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods: which suits your study?
A practical comparison of the three methods: when to use each, its instruments and its analysis, with a table summarizing the differences.
Writing & citation
Guide to citation in APA 7th edition style
The basic rules for in-text citation and the reference list, with examples for books, articles, theses and websites.
Statistics & analysis
How to choose your study sample and calculate its size
Probability and non-probability sample types, and Cochran's formula for calculating the size, with an interactive calculator that computes your sample instantly.
Methodology
Formulating study questions and hypotheses
When to write questions and when to write hypotheses, the difference between the null and alternative hypotheses, and sound wording models.
Writing & citation
How to write previous studies and identify the research gap
From searching to organizing to critical commentary: a practical way to write the previous studies chapter and highlight your study's contribution.
Statistics & analysis
Choosing the right statistical test for your hypothesis
A practical table linking the type of hypothesis and variables to the appropriate test, with each test's assumptions before applying it.
Defense & publishing
How to prepare for your thesis defense
A preparation plan two weeks before the defense: the presentation, expected questions, and how to respond to the committee's comments.
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